What is a dilation and curettage (D&C)?
Dilation and curettage, or D&C, is a common and safe medical procedure used to clean the inside of the uterus. It involves gently opening the cervix (the opening to the uterus) and removing a small amount of tissue from the lining. This can help diagnose or treat certain health conditions.
Doctors perform D&C for many reasons, including to stop heavy bleeding, check for unusual growths, or clear the uterus after a miscarriage. The procedure is quick, often done in a clinic or hospital, and most women go home the same day.
The tools used are small and carefully handled by trained professionals. If needed, any tissue removed is sent to a lab for testing. D&C is a helpful tool that gives doctors important information and can relieve symptoms that affect quality of life.
Though the idea of surgery might sound scary, a D&C is generally gentle, routine, and leads to a fast recovery.
When will the D&C procedure be required?
A D&C might be needed when there's unusual bleeding from the uterus, such as between periods, very heavy periods, or bleeding after menopause. It helps doctors find out what's causing the bleeding and can also help fix the issue.
It’s also used after a miscarriage or childbirth if some tissue is left behind in the uterus. Removing this helps prevent infections and heavy bleeding. D&C can also be helpful if a woman is having trouble getting pregnant and the doctor needs to look at the uterine lining.
Overall, a D&C is recommended only when it’s truly helpful for your health and well-being. Your doctor will explain why it’s needed and how it can make you feel better.
You can book an appointment with Proactive For Her for an Obstetrics and Gynaecology consultation to know about the same
How long does a dilation and curettage (D&C) take?
A D&C is a quick and simple procedure that usually takes about 10 to 30 minutes. However, you’ll need to spend a few hours at the clinic or hospital to allow time for preparation and recovery.
Before the procedure starts, you may be given medicine to help you relax or sleep. After you're comfortable, the doctor gently opens the cervix and clears the uterus using safe and precise tools.
Once it’s done, you’ll rest for a short while as the medical team makes sure you're feeling okay. Most people are ready to go home the same day, especially with someone to accompany them. It’s short, straightforward, and usually very smooth.
What happens before a dilation and curettage (D&C)?
Before your D&C, your doctor will talk with you about why the procedure is needed and what to expect. They may do a few simple tests, like an ultrasound or blood work, to be sure everything is safe.
You may be asked not to eat or drink for a few hours before the procedure, especially if you're getting anaesthesia. Be sure to tell your doctor about any medicines you take so they can give the right advice.
You'll be asked to sign a consent form and can ask any questions you have. Some women may get medicine to help soften the cervix before the procedure. And since you may feel sleepy afterwards, it’s best to have someone with you to help you get home safely.
What happens during a dilation and curettage (D&C)?
During a D&C, you’ll lie down on a comfortable table, similar to a regular gynaecological exam. You’ll receive anaesthesia or medicine to help you relax or sleep, depending on your doctor’s recommendation.
The doctor gently inserts a tool called a speculum to see the cervix. Then, they slowly open the cervix using small dilators or medication. Once it's ready, the doctor uses a small instrument or suction device to remove a little bit of tissue from the uterus.
This part only takes a few minutes and is done with great care to avoid discomfort. Any removed tissue may be sent for testing if needed. Afterwards, all tools are removed, and you’re taken to a recovery area.
The whole process is handled gently and professionally, and most women say it feels similar to menstrual cramps, if anything at all.
What happens after this procedure?
After the D&C, you’ll rest in a recovery room while nurses check your blood pressure and make sure you're feeling okay. Most women go home within a couple of hours.
You might have some light bleeding or mild cramps for a few days, which is normal. You’ll likely be given some medicine to manage any discomfort. Your doctor will give you easy tips like avoiding tampons or sex for a short time to help your body heal.
A follow-up visit is usually scheduled to check your recovery and discuss any lab results. Most women feel back to normal quickly and can return to their usual routine in a day or two.
Recovery time after D&C procedure
Recovery from a D&C is usually fast and smooth. Most women feel better within one or two days. You might have some light bleeding or mild cramping, but it often goes away on its own or with basic pain relief medicine.
You can usually return to work and daily activities in a day or so. It’s a good idea to rest for a day and avoid heavy lifting, tampons, or sexual activity for about a week to prevent infection.
Emotionally, if the D&C was related to pregnancy loss, it’s normal to feel sad or emotional. Talking to someone you trust or a counsellor can really help.
You are most welcome to contact us for non-judgmental counselling and therapy sessions with our in-house therapists
D&C procedure cost in India
The cost of a D&C in India can vary depending on the city, hospital, and whether it’s a private or government facility. In private hospitals, the cost generally ranges between ₹5,000 and ₹25,000. This includes doctors’ fees, tests, anaesthesia, and the procedure itself.
In government hospitals or clinics, the cost is often much lower, and it may even be free under certain health schemes. If you have health insurance, check to see if it covers the procedure—it usually does when it’s medically necessary.
Always ask your doctor or clinic for a detailed estimate so you know what to expect.
Risks of a dilation and curettage (D&C) over other procedures
While D&C is generally safe, like any medical procedure, it comes with some small risks. One risk is infection, but this is rare and easily treated. There's also a small chance of accidentally scratching or poking the uterus (called perforation), though this is uncommon with experienced doctors.
Compared to other methods like taking medicine to pass tissue naturally, D&C is quicker and more complete, but it does involve a small surgery. Your doctor will help you decide what’s best for your situation and explain the pros and cons in simple terms.
Can unmarried women go for D&C in India?
Yes, unmarried women can absolutely have a D&C in India. It is a medical procedure meant to improve health, and your marital status does not matter. Every woman has the right to make decisions about her own body and health care.
There may be apprehensions regarding the Judgements from doctors and nurses. Hence, it is important to find a healthcare provider who does not judge you. You are most welcome to contact us for any support and before and after care for a judgment-free consultation.
If you’re 18 or older, you can give consent yourself without needing permission from anyone else. In some places, there may be social or cultural challenges, but legally and ethically, doctors must provide respectful and confidential care to all patients.
Choose a trusted and supportive healthcare provider who respects your privacy and explains everything clearly.
- What qualifications are required by a doctor to perform D&C?
A D&C should be done by a qualified and trained doctor, usually a gynaecologist. In India, this means the doctor has completed an MBBS degree (basic medical qualification) and then specialised in Obstetrics and Gynaecology with a degree like MD or MS.
These doctors have experience in caring for women’s health and are trained in safe surgical procedures. They also know how to manage any side effects or complications if they happen.
In emergency situations, other trained doctors might perform a D&C, but it’s best to have it done by a specialist. Hospitals and clinics follow rules to ensure only skilled professionals handle this kind of care to keep you safe and comfortable.
How Being Proactive Can Help During a D&C: Your Guide to Empowerment
1. Ask Questions and Get Clear Answers
Being proactive starts with understanding why you need the procedure and what to expect. Don’t hesitate to ask your doctor:
- “What exactly will happen during the D&C?”
- “Are there alternatives to this procedure?”
- “What are the risks specific to my situation?”
- “How will this affect my future fertility or periods?”
2. Plan Ahead for Practical Needs
Proactive planning removes stress on the day of the procedure.
- Arrange support: Ask a trusted friend or family member to drive you home, stay with you afterwards, or help with chores. You’ll likely feel tired or crampy, and having support lets you rest.
- Prep your space: Stock up on pads (no tampons!), pain relievers (like ibuprofen), comfy clothes, and easy meals. Set up a cosy recovery spot with blankets, water, and distractions (books, movies).
- Take time off: If possible, clear your schedule for 1–2 days. Even if you feel okay physically, your mind and emotions might need a break.
3. Advocate for Your Comfort
Your voice matters! Speak up about:
- Pain management: If you’re nervous about anaesthesia or pain, ask your doctor to explain your options. For example, some clinics offer anti-anxiety medication before the procedure.
- Cultural or personal needs: If you have concerns about privacy, gender preferences for healthcare providers, or language barriers, share them upfront. In India, for instance, some women prefer female doctors—don’t hesitate to request this.
- Emotional support: If the D&C is linked to a pregnancy loss, ask if the hospital offers counselling services or can connect you with support groups.
4. Track Symptoms and Share Concerns
Before and after the D&C, keep a simple journal of:
- Symptoms: Note unusual bleeding, pain levels, or emotional changes.
- Medications: Record what you’re taking (even herbs or supplements), as some can affect bleeding.
- Questions: Jot down new concerns as they arise.
5. Prioritise Emotional Health
A D&C isn’t just a physical experience—it can stir up grief, relief, guilt, or confusion. Being proactive about mental health is key:
- Talk to someone: Confide in a friend, partner, or therapist. You can always contact us for any form of mental and physical support.
- Practice self-compassion: Remind yourself there’s no “right” way to feel. Healing isn’t linear, and it’s okay to take time to process emotions.
6. Follow Up and Monitor Recovery
Proactivity doesn’t end when the procedure does:
- Attend post-op checkups: Go to all follow-up appointments to ensure your uterus is healing properly. Ask, “Are my lab results normal?” or “When can I resume exercise/sex?”
- Watch for red flags: Contact your doctor immediately if you notice:
- Fever or chills.
- Heavy bleeding (soaking a pad in 1 hour).
- Severe pain not relieved by medication.
- Discuss future plans: If you’re trying to conceive, ask, “How long should I wait before trying again?”
7. Educate Yourself About Rights and Resources
In India, know your legal rights:
- The MTP Act: You can legally access a D&C for miscarriage care, health issues, or pregnancy termination (up to 20 weeks, or 24 weeks in special cases).
- Confidentiality: Doctors cannot share your medical details without consent, even if you’re unmarried.
- Support networks: NGOs like Women’s Health & Rights Initiative (WHRI) or FPA India offer free guidance if you face stigma or judgment.
Final Thoughts
A D&C isn’t just a medical procedure—it’s a tool to help you take control of your health, whether you’re healing from a loss, solving a mystery, or making a personal choice. While the idea of surgery can feel daunting, millions of women safely undergo D&Cs every year. Trust your body’s resilience, lean on your support system, and remember: you’re not just a patient here. You’re someone who deserves care, answers, and peace of mind.
If you’re feeling overwhelmed, talk to your doctor or reach out to a trusted friend or counsellor. You’re stronger than you think, and you’re never alone in this.
How Can Proactive For Her Help?
We’re your safe zone for:
- Same-day appointments with empathetic OB-GYNs.
- Ultrasounds and blood tests for definitive answers.
- Judgment-free care, whether you’re planning, preventing, or simply seeking clarity.
You deserve answers that respect your pace. Let’s talk when you’re ready.
FAQ
1. What is a D&C procedure?
A D&C, or dilation and curettage, is a minor surgical procedure where the cervix is dilated (opened) and a thin instrument is used to remove tissue from the lining of the uterus. It’s often done to diagnose or treat uterine conditions such as heavy bleeding, or after a miscarriage to clear the uterus.
2. Why is a D&C performed?
A D&C may be done to diagnose uterine conditions like polyps, cancer, or fibroids. It's also used to treat heavy bleeding, remove retained tissue after a miscarriage or abortion, or investigate the cause of infertility or abnormal uterine bleeding. It helps in both therapeutic and diagnostic gynaecology.
3. How is the D&C procedure conducted?
The procedure is typically done under anaesthesia. The cervix is gradually widened using dilators. Then, a surgical instrument (curette or suction device) is used to gently scrape or suction tissue from the uterine lining. It usually takes 10–20 minutes and may be performed in a hospital, clinic, or outpatient centre.
4. What are the risks associated with a D&C?
Though generally safe, risks include infection, bleeding, uterine perforation (a small hole), or scarring of the uterine lining (Asherman’s syndrome). Rarely, injury to surrounding organs may occur. Proper medical care and sterile technique significantly reduce these risks, and complications are uncommon when performed by experienced practitioners.
5. How long is the recovery period after a D&C?
Most people recover within a few days. Mild cramping and spotting may last for a few days to a week. You can typically return to normal activities within 1–2 days, though strenuous activity or intercourse may be delayed based on your doctor’s advice. Full recovery is usually quick and smooth.
6. Is anaesthesia used during a D&C?
Yes, anaesthesia is usually used. It may be general (where you’re completely asleep), local (numbing only the cervix), or conscious sedation (you’re awake but relaxed). The type of anaesthesia depends on your health, the reason for the D&C, and the setting in which it’s performed.
7. Can a D&C affect future fertility?
Most women have no issues with fertility after a D&C. However, repeated D&Cs or complications like uterine scarring (Asherman’s syndrome) could impact future fertility. These risks are low, especially for a one-time, uncomplicated procedure. Always consult your doctor if you’re planning a pregnancy soon after the procedure.
8. What should I expect after a D&C procedure?
You may experience cramping, light bleeding, or spotting for a few days. Some fatigue or mild discomfort is normal. Avoid using tampons or having sex for at least a week or as advised. Contact your doctor if you have a fever, heavy bleeding, or foul-smelling discharge. Menstrual cycles usually resume within 4–6 weeks.
9. Are there alternatives to a D&C?
Yes, alternatives include medication to induce uterine contractions (especially after miscarriage), hysteroscopy for visual inspection and targeted removal of tissue, or simply waiting for natural expulsion of tissue. The best option depends on your condition, medical history, and whether the goal is diagnosis or treatment.
10. How should I prepare for a D&C procedure?
Follow your doctor’s instructions, which may include fasting for several hours beforehand. Arrange for someone to drive you home if anaesthesia is used. Inform your doctor about medications, allergies, or if you're pregnant. You may need to stop blood thinners or certain medications before the procedure.